Chapter 16 Focus Questions:
1.)Explain how the expansion of slavery into the lower South and adjacent western lands created distinct regional attitudes toward the institution.
2.) Explain how overcultivation of arable land in the Southeast forced slaveholders to relocate further south and west and increased sectional tensions over the institution of slavery.
3.) Discuss how economic specialization shaped settlement patterns and how the growth of cotton production promoted national economic ties, international trade and fueled the internal slave trade.
4.) Analyze how and why that despite the end of the international slave trade, the increasing number of free African-Americans, and the widespread growth of the abolitionist movement and emancipation ideas, that the U.S. and many state governments continued to restrict African-American citizenship possibilities.
5.) Explain the resistance to democracy and the arguments for a proslavery and anti-black position in the antebellum time period.
6.) What interpretation of slavery can best be substantiated by the chapter and your knowledge of the time period.
7.) Explain and analyze the continuities and changes over time in the institution of slavery during the antebellum time period and relate them to the debates over its existence 1800-1860.
8.) Emphasize the significance of southern cotton to the economy and its ties to manufacturing in the North.
9.) Explain the effects of the plantation system on the southern economy.
10.) Explain why Appalachian whites tended to oppose slavery while the vast majority of Southern whites in the Piedmont and Tidewater areas supported it.
11.) Analyze the role of ethnic, economic, political, social factors on the formation of regional identities in the antebellum era.
12.) Discuss plantation life and how African Americans pursued their own unique culture, family identity, and resisted their plight. Make sure to elaborate on work, worship, the role of spirituals and kinship networks.
13.) Discuss the growth of the abolitionist movement and its major arguments against the peculiar institution.
14.) Trace the growth of radical abolitionist activity in the antebellum era and relate it to growing sectionalist tensions.
Chapter 17 Focus Questions
1.) Link the territorial expansion of the United States in the 1840s to previous expansion.
2.) What were the causes of the Mexican War in the 1840s? Was the Mexican War in the national interest? Explain.
3.) Discuss the military, judicial and diplomatic efforts of the United States to assume dominance of North America in the 1840s.
4.) Assess how the acquisition of new territory in the West is linked to heated controversy over allowing or forbidding slavery in the new territory.
5.) Explain how the desire for Western resources led to the ongoing environmental transformation of the region including new economic activities and increased settlement in areas forcibly taken from Native Americans.
6.) Construct a brief timeline of John Tyler's presidency and assess whether or not he was a good president.
7.) Assess the roles of the Creole incident, the Caroline Affair, the Oregon dispute, and the Aroostook War on British -American relations in the 1840's. What was the effect of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty?
8.) Link the ongoing disputes with Britain to the desire to control natural resources in North America.
9.) To what degree is Manifest Destiny a cultural movement shaped by religion, race, and belief in American superiority? Does the election of 1844 represent a mandate for expansion? Explain.
10.) How did the emergence of the Liberty Party in the election of 1844 reflect the growing mood of the North against slavery?
11.) What were the main points of President Polk's agenda and why was he so effective in accomplishing these points?
12.) Explain Abraham Lincoln's "spot resolutions" and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago and their effects on the growing division in the United States.
13.) Analyze the motives behind and the results of economic, military, and diplomatic initiatives aimed at expanding U.S. power and territory in the Western Hemisphere during the 1840s.
14.) How did the battle over the Wilmot Proviso in Congress mirror the larger battle over the extension of slavery into the territories?
Chapter 18 Focus Questions
1.) Trace the split of both the Democratic and Whig parties over slavery and immigration and track the growth of the Republican party in the 1850s.
2.) Discuss the growing sectionalism over slavery, economic change, demographic change and territorial expansion in the 1840s and 1850s and explain why repeated attempts at compromise seemed to stoke the flames rather than calm tensions.
3.) Evaluate the changing tactics of the abolitionist movement and assess whether these strategies proved effective in the 1850s.
4.) Define popular sovereignty and discuss why politicians of the 1840s and 1850s proposed this as a remedy for the issue of the expansion of slavery.
5.) Link the issue of slavery both economically and ideologically to the Mexican War in particular and politics in general from 1848-1860.
6.) Assess the impact of the gold rush in California on population and economic growth out west as well as its significance in politics of the time.
7.) Summarize the key issues of the South as of the Compromise of 1850 and explain how these were similar or different to 1820, the time of the Missouri Compromise.
8.) Assess the moral dilemma faced by Northerners in assisting runaway slaves on the underground railroad. What are some of the implications of disobeying national law?
9.) Why did the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas -Nebraska Act stoke tensions?
10.) Analyze the motives behind and the results of economic, military, and diplomatic initiatives aimed at expanding U.S. power and territory in the Western Hemisphere before the Civil War.
11.) Summarize the major points of the Compromise of 1850 and describe the views of one group for and one group against the deal.
12.) Compare the views of Daniel Webster and John Calhoun and prove who was more prescient about the coming Civil War.
13.) Compare maps of the United States after the Compromise of 1850 and again after the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. Why are tensions rising between the sections?
14.) How did the election of 1852 mark a turning point in American politics?
15.) Assess the impact of Manifest Destiny, industrialization and territorial expansion on popular beliefs about progress and national destiny/identity in the antebellum time period.
16.) Explain how expansionist policy of the antebellum period connected the United States to the world.
17.) Evaluate the effects of the Kansas-Nebraska Act on national politics.
Chapter 19 Focus Questions:
1.) The textbook focuses on 1854 as the beginning of the drift toward Civil War. Choose a date prior to 1854 and defend your position.
2.) Create a T chart of both the long and short term causes of the Civil War.
3.) Which school of thought do you follow regarding the Civil War-repressible or irrepressible?
4.) Explain and assess the role of Uncle Tom's Cabin in the coming Civil War.
5.) Explain and assess the role of Hinton Helper's The Impending Crisis in the coming of the Civil War.
6.) Is Bleeding Kansas the beginning of the Civil War? Defend or refute.
7.) Why was the situation in Kansas and the fight over the Lecompton Constitution so damaging to the Democratic party and the country as a whole? What role did James Buchanan and Stephen Douglas play?
8.) Evaluate the differences of each section of the country regarding the Brooks-Sumner dispute.
9.) How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act affect the Presidential Election of 1856? 1860?
10.) How did the Dred Scott decision further polarize the country over slavery?
11.) Trace the reasons for the rise of the Republican party in the 1850s.
12.) How did the economic conditions created by the Panic of 1857 and its aftermath help pave the way for the secession of the southern states?
13.) How did the Lincoln-Douglas debates emphasize the larger questions of slavery and popular sovereignty and in turn effect the aftermath of the Dred Scott decision and its effect on electoral politics of the nation.
14.) In what ways did the Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 mark a turning point in national politics in America?
15.) Was John Brown a misguided fanatic or ardent abolitionist? What role does violence have in bringing about change?
16.) Emphasize the role of the Election of 1860 and Abraham Lincoln's victory on the secession of southern states and the formation of a Confederate States of America.
17.) Break down an election map of the 1860 election and explain why each candidate received votes in the areas he did and discuss the effect of the electoral college system on the election.
18.) At what time did the Civil War become inevitable? Explain.
19.) Using Varying Viewpoints on pg 419, how have historians' interpretations of the causes of the Civil War evolved over time? How did the time period in which each work was produced influence the work itself?
Chap 20 Focus Questions:
1.) Explain how both the Union and the Confederacy mobilized their economies and societies for war.
2.) Analyze the relative importance of Union improved leadership, effective strategies, greater resources and use of total war on the Union victory in the Civil War.
3.) Identify and analyze the new legislation passed by the Republicans in power in the Union to promote national economic development during and after the Civil War in all areas of the country.
4.) Why did shelling Fort Sumter in April 1861 lead many in the North to support war? Explain.
5.) Analyze historiography regarding the causes of the Civil War.
6.) Why did President Lincoln not champion emancipation earlier in the war?
7.) Identify the strengths and weaknesses of each side in the Civil War and relate these to the strategies adopted by the North and South.
8.) Compare and contrast the soldiers of the Union and the Confederacy and construct a T chart to illustrate the similarities and differences.
9.) Analyze and identify the experiences of women in the Civil War and understand the consequences of this war on women.
10.) What is the significance of immigration in the Civil War? Which side benefitted more?
11.) Analyze the relative importance of geography in the prosecution of the war including agriculture, the sea coast and the Mississippi River.
12.) How was the Union able to thwart Confederate attempts at achieving foreign recognition?
13.) Compare and contrast the mobilization tactics of each side during the conflict.
14.) Evaluate the degree to which Abraham Lincoln was able to extend the power of federal authority over the states during the Civil War.
Chap. 21 Focus Questions:
1.) Explain the importance of President Lincoln's issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation on the purpose of the war, the ability for African-Americans to fight for the Union, and hinder the ability of the Confederacy to obtain foreign recognition.
2.) Connect the Emancipation Proclamation to end of the war constitutional changes for the United States.
3.) How did the early failures of the Union Army in the Civil War impact the identities of both the Union and the Confederacy, their own national destinies, and how these concepts dictated early military and political strategy.
4.) Link Stephen Crane's The Red Badge of Courage to the realism movement in literature and explain how the work is different from other works of war.
5.) Assess the effectiveness of the Union Anaconda Plan in winning the Civil War.
6.) Explain how the battle of Antietam enabled the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation by Lincoln.
7.) How were the causes of emancipating the slaves and saving the union related in Lincoln's mind and strategy?
8.) Analyze the importance of the Gettysburg Address in capturing the meaning of the Civil War and American Union. What were his principle arguments? What values did he invoke?
9.) Assess the significance of the Mississippi River to the war effort of both the Union and Confederacy and thus the significance of the battles for New Orleans, Vicksburg and Port Hudson.
9.) Assess the effects of total war on the South and the power of the emerging technology of photography to document the war.
10.) How do you account for Abraham Lincoln's difficulty in the election of 1864?
11.) Explain how President Lincoln's second inaugural address determined to unite a country through a providential interpretation of the Civil War that did not blame.
12.) Analyze the terms of surrender at Appomattox. Why were they so generous?
13.) Assess the impact of Lincoln's assassination on the future of the United States.
14.) Emphasize the role of the Civil War in the development of American nationalism, national identity, and the significance of the developments like the 14th amendment, the Homestead Act, the Morill Land Grant Act and the rise of nativism after the Civil War.
15.) In what ways have historians like Eric Fonor and James McPherson interpreted the consequences of the Civil War?
Chapter 22 Focus Questions:
1.) Explain how the Civil War and Reconstruction altered the power relationship b/t the states and the national government.
2.) Explain how the efforts of Radical Republicans altered the balance of power b/t congress and the President and how Radical Reconstruction experienced some successes.
3.) Explain how Reconstruction temporarily rearranged the relationships b/t whites and blacks in the South.
4.) Explain how citizenship, equal protection under the law and voting rights were granted to African-Americans in the 14th and 15th amendments but were then stripped away through violence and political tactics.
5.) Explain how attempts to establish a Republican party in the South failed and why the women's rights movement was emboldened by the 14th and 15th amendments.
6.) Analyze how the constitutional challenges of Reconstruction embodied a Northern idea of American identity and led to conflicts over new definitions of citizenship for women and minorities.
7.) Assess the condition of the South following the Civil War.
8.) Discuss examples of the freedman's experiences after the Civil War.
9.) Discuss the migration patterns of freedman during the Reconstruction Era.
10.) Compare and Contrast the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Congress, Johnson and Radical Republicans.
11.) Analyze and assess the ongoing economic conditions of the freedman after the Civil War.
12.) Explain the major provisions of the Black Codes and why Southern states enacted them.
13.) Emphasize the changes to the Constitution brought on by the 13, 14, and 15 amendments.
14.) Was Radical Reconstruction designed to uphold the Constitution or circumvent it?
15.) Analyze the political organization of freedmen in the South. To what extent were African-Americans involved politically during Reconstruction? After?
16.) Analyze and explain the development of the Ku Klux Klan as a failure of Radical Reconstruction policies. What was the reaction of the Federal Gov't to KIan activities?
17.) Explain the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and discuss it's short and long term effects.
18.) Analyze the differing interpretations of Reconstruction by historians over time. Who is correct? Why?
19.) To what extent is the time period of 1860-1877 a revolution?
1.)Explain how the expansion of slavery into the lower South and adjacent western lands created distinct regional attitudes toward the institution.
2.) Explain how overcultivation of arable land in the Southeast forced slaveholders to relocate further south and west and increased sectional tensions over the institution of slavery.
3.) Discuss how economic specialization shaped settlement patterns and how the growth of cotton production promoted national economic ties, international trade and fueled the internal slave trade.
4.) Analyze how and why that despite the end of the international slave trade, the increasing number of free African-Americans, and the widespread growth of the abolitionist movement and emancipation ideas, that the U.S. and many state governments continued to restrict African-American citizenship possibilities.
5.) Explain the resistance to democracy and the arguments for a proslavery and anti-black position in the antebellum time period.
6.) What interpretation of slavery can best be substantiated by the chapter and your knowledge of the time period.
7.) Explain and analyze the continuities and changes over time in the institution of slavery during the antebellum time period and relate them to the debates over its existence 1800-1860.
8.) Emphasize the significance of southern cotton to the economy and its ties to manufacturing in the North.
9.) Explain the effects of the plantation system on the southern economy.
10.) Explain why Appalachian whites tended to oppose slavery while the vast majority of Southern whites in the Piedmont and Tidewater areas supported it.
11.) Analyze the role of ethnic, economic, political, social factors on the formation of regional identities in the antebellum era.
12.) Discuss plantation life and how African Americans pursued their own unique culture, family identity, and resisted their plight. Make sure to elaborate on work, worship, the role of spirituals and kinship networks.
13.) Discuss the growth of the abolitionist movement and its major arguments against the peculiar institution.
14.) Trace the growth of radical abolitionist activity in the antebellum era and relate it to growing sectionalist tensions.
Chapter 17 Focus Questions
1.) Link the territorial expansion of the United States in the 1840s to previous expansion.
2.) What were the causes of the Mexican War in the 1840s? Was the Mexican War in the national interest? Explain.
3.) Discuss the military, judicial and diplomatic efforts of the United States to assume dominance of North America in the 1840s.
4.) Assess how the acquisition of new territory in the West is linked to heated controversy over allowing or forbidding slavery in the new territory.
5.) Explain how the desire for Western resources led to the ongoing environmental transformation of the region including new economic activities and increased settlement in areas forcibly taken from Native Americans.
6.) Construct a brief timeline of John Tyler's presidency and assess whether or not he was a good president.
7.) Assess the roles of the Creole incident, the Caroline Affair, the Oregon dispute, and the Aroostook War on British -American relations in the 1840's. What was the effect of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty?
8.) Link the ongoing disputes with Britain to the desire to control natural resources in North America.
9.) To what degree is Manifest Destiny a cultural movement shaped by religion, race, and belief in American superiority? Does the election of 1844 represent a mandate for expansion? Explain.
10.) How did the emergence of the Liberty Party in the election of 1844 reflect the growing mood of the North against slavery?
11.) What were the main points of President Polk's agenda and why was he so effective in accomplishing these points?
12.) Explain Abraham Lincoln's "spot resolutions" and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago and their effects on the growing division in the United States.
13.) Analyze the motives behind and the results of economic, military, and diplomatic initiatives aimed at expanding U.S. power and territory in the Western Hemisphere during the 1840s.
14.) How did the battle over the Wilmot Proviso in Congress mirror the larger battle over the extension of slavery into the territories?
Chapter 18 Focus Questions
1.) Trace the split of both the Democratic and Whig parties over slavery and immigration and track the growth of the Republican party in the 1850s.
2.) Discuss the growing sectionalism over slavery, economic change, demographic change and territorial expansion in the 1840s and 1850s and explain why repeated attempts at compromise seemed to stoke the flames rather than calm tensions.
3.) Evaluate the changing tactics of the abolitionist movement and assess whether these strategies proved effective in the 1850s.
4.) Define popular sovereignty and discuss why politicians of the 1840s and 1850s proposed this as a remedy for the issue of the expansion of slavery.
5.) Link the issue of slavery both economically and ideologically to the Mexican War in particular and politics in general from 1848-1860.
6.) Assess the impact of the gold rush in California on population and economic growth out west as well as its significance in politics of the time.
7.) Summarize the key issues of the South as of the Compromise of 1850 and explain how these were similar or different to 1820, the time of the Missouri Compromise.
8.) Assess the moral dilemma faced by Northerners in assisting runaway slaves on the underground railroad. What are some of the implications of disobeying national law?
9.) Why did the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas -Nebraska Act stoke tensions?
10.) Analyze the motives behind and the results of economic, military, and diplomatic initiatives aimed at expanding U.S. power and territory in the Western Hemisphere before the Civil War.
11.) Summarize the major points of the Compromise of 1850 and describe the views of one group for and one group against the deal.
12.) Compare the views of Daniel Webster and John Calhoun and prove who was more prescient about the coming Civil War.
13.) Compare maps of the United States after the Compromise of 1850 and again after the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. Why are tensions rising between the sections?
14.) How did the election of 1852 mark a turning point in American politics?
15.) Assess the impact of Manifest Destiny, industrialization and territorial expansion on popular beliefs about progress and national destiny/identity in the antebellum time period.
16.) Explain how expansionist policy of the antebellum period connected the United States to the world.
17.) Evaluate the effects of the Kansas-Nebraska Act on national politics.
Chapter 19 Focus Questions:
1.) The textbook focuses on 1854 as the beginning of the drift toward Civil War. Choose a date prior to 1854 and defend your position.
2.) Create a T chart of both the long and short term causes of the Civil War.
3.) Which school of thought do you follow regarding the Civil War-repressible or irrepressible?
4.) Explain and assess the role of Uncle Tom's Cabin in the coming Civil War.
5.) Explain and assess the role of Hinton Helper's The Impending Crisis in the coming of the Civil War.
6.) Is Bleeding Kansas the beginning of the Civil War? Defend or refute.
7.) Why was the situation in Kansas and the fight over the Lecompton Constitution so damaging to the Democratic party and the country as a whole? What role did James Buchanan and Stephen Douglas play?
8.) Evaluate the differences of each section of the country regarding the Brooks-Sumner dispute.
9.) How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act affect the Presidential Election of 1856? 1860?
10.) How did the Dred Scott decision further polarize the country over slavery?
11.) Trace the reasons for the rise of the Republican party in the 1850s.
12.) How did the economic conditions created by the Panic of 1857 and its aftermath help pave the way for the secession of the southern states?
13.) How did the Lincoln-Douglas debates emphasize the larger questions of slavery and popular sovereignty and in turn effect the aftermath of the Dred Scott decision and its effect on electoral politics of the nation.
14.) In what ways did the Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 mark a turning point in national politics in America?
15.) Was John Brown a misguided fanatic or ardent abolitionist? What role does violence have in bringing about change?
16.) Emphasize the role of the Election of 1860 and Abraham Lincoln's victory on the secession of southern states and the formation of a Confederate States of America.
17.) Break down an election map of the 1860 election and explain why each candidate received votes in the areas he did and discuss the effect of the electoral college system on the election.
18.) At what time did the Civil War become inevitable? Explain.
19.) Using Varying Viewpoints on pg 419, how have historians' interpretations of the causes of the Civil War evolved over time? How did the time period in which each work was produced influence the work itself?
Chap 20 Focus Questions:
1.) Explain how both the Union and the Confederacy mobilized their economies and societies for war.
2.) Analyze the relative importance of Union improved leadership, effective strategies, greater resources and use of total war on the Union victory in the Civil War.
3.) Identify and analyze the new legislation passed by the Republicans in power in the Union to promote national economic development during and after the Civil War in all areas of the country.
4.) Why did shelling Fort Sumter in April 1861 lead many in the North to support war? Explain.
5.) Analyze historiography regarding the causes of the Civil War.
6.) Why did President Lincoln not champion emancipation earlier in the war?
7.) Identify the strengths and weaknesses of each side in the Civil War and relate these to the strategies adopted by the North and South.
8.) Compare and contrast the soldiers of the Union and the Confederacy and construct a T chart to illustrate the similarities and differences.
9.) Analyze and identify the experiences of women in the Civil War and understand the consequences of this war on women.
10.) What is the significance of immigration in the Civil War? Which side benefitted more?
11.) Analyze the relative importance of geography in the prosecution of the war including agriculture, the sea coast and the Mississippi River.
12.) How was the Union able to thwart Confederate attempts at achieving foreign recognition?
13.) Compare and contrast the mobilization tactics of each side during the conflict.
14.) Evaluate the degree to which Abraham Lincoln was able to extend the power of federal authority over the states during the Civil War.
Chap. 21 Focus Questions:
1.) Explain the importance of President Lincoln's issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation on the purpose of the war, the ability for African-Americans to fight for the Union, and hinder the ability of the Confederacy to obtain foreign recognition.
2.) Connect the Emancipation Proclamation to end of the war constitutional changes for the United States.
3.) How did the early failures of the Union Army in the Civil War impact the identities of both the Union and the Confederacy, their own national destinies, and how these concepts dictated early military and political strategy.
4.) Link Stephen Crane's The Red Badge of Courage to the realism movement in literature and explain how the work is different from other works of war.
5.) Assess the effectiveness of the Union Anaconda Plan in winning the Civil War.
6.) Explain how the battle of Antietam enabled the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation by Lincoln.
7.) How were the causes of emancipating the slaves and saving the union related in Lincoln's mind and strategy?
8.) Analyze the importance of the Gettysburg Address in capturing the meaning of the Civil War and American Union. What were his principle arguments? What values did he invoke?
9.) Assess the significance of the Mississippi River to the war effort of both the Union and Confederacy and thus the significance of the battles for New Orleans, Vicksburg and Port Hudson.
9.) Assess the effects of total war on the South and the power of the emerging technology of photography to document the war.
10.) How do you account for Abraham Lincoln's difficulty in the election of 1864?
11.) Explain how President Lincoln's second inaugural address determined to unite a country through a providential interpretation of the Civil War that did not blame.
12.) Analyze the terms of surrender at Appomattox. Why were they so generous?
13.) Assess the impact of Lincoln's assassination on the future of the United States.
14.) Emphasize the role of the Civil War in the development of American nationalism, national identity, and the significance of the developments like the 14th amendment, the Homestead Act, the Morill Land Grant Act and the rise of nativism after the Civil War.
15.) In what ways have historians like Eric Fonor and James McPherson interpreted the consequences of the Civil War?
Chapter 22 Focus Questions:
1.) Explain how the Civil War and Reconstruction altered the power relationship b/t the states and the national government.
2.) Explain how the efforts of Radical Republicans altered the balance of power b/t congress and the President and how Radical Reconstruction experienced some successes.
3.) Explain how Reconstruction temporarily rearranged the relationships b/t whites and blacks in the South.
4.) Explain how citizenship, equal protection under the law and voting rights were granted to African-Americans in the 14th and 15th amendments but were then stripped away through violence and political tactics.
5.) Explain how attempts to establish a Republican party in the South failed and why the women's rights movement was emboldened by the 14th and 15th amendments.
6.) Analyze how the constitutional challenges of Reconstruction embodied a Northern idea of American identity and led to conflicts over new definitions of citizenship for women and minorities.
7.) Assess the condition of the South following the Civil War.
8.) Discuss examples of the freedman's experiences after the Civil War.
9.) Discuss the migration patterns of freedman during the Reconstruction Era.
10.) Compare and Contrast the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Congress, Johnson and Radical Republicans.
11.) Analyze and assess the ongoing economic conditions of the freedman after the Civil War.
12.) Explain the major provisions of the Black Codes and why Southern states enacted them.
13.) Emphasize the changes to the Constitution brought on by the 13, 14, and 15 amendments.
14.) Was Radical Reconstruction designed to uphold the Constitution or circumvent it?
15.) Analyze the political organization of freedmen in the South. To what extent were African-Americans involved politically during Reconstruction? After?
16.) Analyze and explain the development of the Ku Klux Klan as a failure of Radical Reconstruction policies. What was the reaction of the Federal Gov't to KIan activities?
17.) Explain the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and discuss it's short and long term effects.
18.) Analyze the differing interpretations of Reconstruction by historians over time. Who is correct? Why?
19.) To what extent is the time period of 1860-1877 a revolution?